Diabetic foot ulcer

Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Diabetic foot ulcer is the leading cause of amputations in the United States. Family physicians have a pivotal role in the prevention and early diagnosis of diabetic complication. Management of the disease requires a thorough knowledge of the major risk factors for amputation. The most common risk factor is diabetic neuropathy.
Etiology
Diabetic foot ulcer occurs due to foot injuries and poorly controlled diabetes that prevents healing.
Loss of sensation in the foot secondary to peripheral neuropathy.
Peripheral vascular disease
Risk Factors
• History of previous ulceration and amputation.
• Absence of sensation due to neuropathy
• Arterial insufficiency
• Foot deformity and callus
• Limited joint mobility
• Poor glucose control
• Obesity
• Impaired vision
• Poor foot wear that causes skin breakdown
Prevention
• Teach patients to have doctor check foot regularly
• Wear comfortable shoes and cotton socks.
• Check foot everyday
• Treat cuts, scrapes and blisters, see doctor if wound does not heal within a reasonable time.
• Keep feet clean by washing with soap and water at least twice every day
• Cut toenails correctly
• Treat athletes foot
• Get proper treatment for thickened skin callus and corn.
• Avoid heating pads and hot water soaks
• Take action to improve circulation